Biblical Criticism Study (3) The authorship of The Torah YouTube - Vinesong Music - Isaiah 35

 YouTube - Vinesong Music - Isaiah 35     

bible011.blogspot.com The Arabic Translation

The Image is for ostracon found in Oct,2008 about 20 miles of Jerusalem at Elah Fortress in Khirbet Qeiyafa. Hebrew inscription in Proto- Canaanite script , Carbon - 14 dated it between 1000 year BC and 975 BC during the reign of David 
                Wellhausen told us about the conception of Israel in concern of God and how did this conception was developed along many stages due to the theory of evolution.,He suggested that there were three stages as follows:- , 
The animism 1* it was the4 first stage , this term was taken from the theory of  2*Sir E.B.Tylor in his book 3*" Premative Culture" , where he told us about the simple beginnings of the religion which were as a logical understanding about the existence of God by the help of his premative senses4*,Stahl added to the theory that the animism reflects also the vital active bases in the universe , which accompanied by the inner senses of the human , so Wellhausen used that t6erm to access many terms that in that stage The Polythism5* which were the stage of thinking about a group of numbers of gods during the days of the fathers and after that date due to Wellhausen's thoughts , came the stage of Henothism  6*this term expressed the transcending power of one of the gods to create the doctrine of God's transcending over his people and over all the gods the word henethism consists of two parts heis 7*which means "over" and theos8* which means God in the Greek language. 
              So, Wellhausen thought that the Israelite community have reached to that stage during the days of the Moses , at last the third stage which was the Monothism 9*, or the stage of worshiping one God , was  after eight centuries after the establishing of the existence of God , during the date of writing chapter sixty in the book of Isiah due to his opinion when the doctrine of God who has the authority and the exaltation sovereign.
              The reason of that development due to wellhausen's point of view was related to his conception about the history of the old Israelite history, on contrast to our point of view because our opinion is the " Nomos " or the law was the bases of the history. his opinion was that the events was the bases of the laws , it reflected the culture of the society and the traditions so it created the principles and corrected the religion bases of the Israelite , so the prophet books have not influenced with the book of the law . because it were written after  the book of law and he said that it is not acceptable to think that the book of the law was before the books of the prophets 
               To understand his thoughts, let's examine another example where Wellhausen have spoken about the development of the worship[ conception , in the new testament where the Bible recorded that the Jewish has established a central place for worship in contrast with the Samerian who established another one , so the importance of establishing a central place for worshiping God has begun at that time .              But when we read in the Old testament we find that  the idea of the central place for worship was not in the mind of the old Israelite due to his accuses , and he said that it was not one alter before building the temple but there were many alters , these alters were taken from the Canaanite traditions and the Israelite practiced it after returning to the promised lands , they were offering their sacrifices over the mountains as the Canaanites did , the proof  was that after the war of Michmash  Saul built an alter ( I Sam 13:33 ), so , David also built an alter after that  ( II Sam 24:25 ), also Solomon built his alter after that . but the central worship was settled after the exile. 
                    So, Wellhausen suggested that the book of kings reflected a false image about the beliefs of that period  by condemning the free worship because it was not true that it was condemned during that period 
                    At the fall of Samaria the criticizing for the different places for worship has begun especially after the withdrawal of  Sennacherib ,because Jerusalem became the center of worship 
                     Wellhausen denied the historical values of the stories of the Torah in spite of he used it to prove that the worship during the patriarchal age was not a center place although he denied the historical value of the story of the tabernacle to avoid the idea of the central  worship before the temple 
                   His denying for that event destroyed his theory because it proved that he was just a man who try to prove that the evolution theory of Darwin was right in concern of the historical events 
                  We observe some influences of his thoughts in the opinions of some modern  writers although his theory  has been destroyed .
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                      The Picture is the copy of Leipzig that survived after the Holocaust of the Nazi and contains the TORAH

The attackers did not shut up their mouth after the collapse of the thoughts of the serious giant of the criticism " Wellhausen " but a new line of criticism for the Torah began based on the ruins of his thoughts
Their Scholars amid a bunch of the opposing views which became their issue in turn
" Rudolf Semend " in 1912 found among the ruins of the thoughts , some views of " Karl Otto"  that was in 1883 , He revive Otto's theory about the sources E & J , and divided the source E  into two sections D&P suggested that they were subjected to adds many times , also the source J is divided by him to J1 & J2
As for  J1 " Otto Eisfeldt" had assumed to call it the source "L" because it is t6he first letter of the alphabetical of the term " Lay - Source " which was exist and revised by many writers , later , depending on other sources like J2....etc., according to his view . 
After that " Julian Morgensters " came to add to these4 sources another source called "K" which contained the Mosaic opinion in concern of the practices that was close similarity of the ritual Canaanite practices , so the source "K" i9s belonged to the argument abouyt the similarity & differences which mentioned in the contents of the Torah , about the Mosaic religion compared with the other existing religions of the peoples of the region " HUCA,IV,1927 " 
But "Fever " added another source , called "S" as a symbol letter of the word "South" in English , he meant that its contents came from the thoughts of the people of the southern part of the Israelite kingdom during the days of the kin gs after the division of the3 kingdom , it has the hale contents of the document which "Eisffeldt" called "L". " ZAW,XLVIII,1930,pp66-73 .
It would be interesting to announce that one of these critics who was called " B.Baentsch" , has divided the source "P" to seven sources , in his published book " The Leviticus ", 1900 , all these critics have not any idea about what the future researches , which corrected their thoughts through the Archeological discoveries by the modern scientists , for example , while " C.A.Sempson " , the critic , tried to analyze the tendencies of the critics to divide the original Torah  into different sources , they disagree with each other about the number of it , and the contents that these sources had included  . " The Early Traditions of Israel , Critical Analysis of The Pre-Deuteronomic Narrative of Hexateuch ,1948 .

oyed after the modern archeological discoveries which proved the trusted historical events of the stories of the Torah , and after the theories and the studies of the modern schools of history which emptied the Wellhausen's theory from its content .
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                           Dr, Rev. Joseph